Father of the personal computer

Henry Edward Roberts

                Henry Edward Roberts coined the term "personal computer" and is considered to be the father of the modern personal computers after he released of the Altair 8800 on December 19, 1974. It was later published on the front cover of Popular Electronics in 1975 making it an overnight success. The computer was available as a kit for $439 or assembled for $621 and had several additional add-on such as a memory board and interface boards. By August 1975, over 5,000 Altair 8800 personal computers were sold; starting the personal computer revolution.

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Who is the father of the computer?

Father of computing

   Charles Babbage

        There are hundreds of people who have major contributions to the field of computing. The following sections detail the primary founding fathers of computing, the computer, and the personal computer we all know and use today. Charles Babbage was considered to be the father of computing after his invention and concept of the Analytical Engine in 1837. The Analytical Engine contained an Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), basic flow control, and integrated memory; hailed as the first general-purpose computer concept. Unfortunately, because of funding issues, this computer was never built while Charles Babbage was alive.

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A browser is an application program that provides a way to look at and interact with all the information on the World Wide Web. The word "browser" seems to have originated prior to the Web as a generic term for user interfaces that let you browse (navigate through and read) text files online.

Technically, a Web browser is a client program that uses HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) to make requests of Web servers throughout the Internet on behalf of the browser user. Most browsers support e-mail and the File Transfer Protocol but a Web browser is not required for those Internet protocols and more specialized client programs are more popular.The first Web browser, called World Wide Web, was created in 1990. That browser's name was changed to Nexus to avoid confusion with the developing information space known as the World Wide Web. The first Web browser with a graphical user interface was Mosaic, which appeared in 1993. Many of the user interface features in Mosaic went into Netscape Navigator. Microsoft followed with its Internet Explorer.

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Computer software

Computer software

Jobs & Wages Overview: Computer Applications Programming

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Degree Overview: Associate of Computer Applications Management

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Software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task, as opposed to the physical components of the system (hardware).

This includes application software such as a word processor, which enables a user to perform a task, and system software such as an operating system, which enables other software to run properly, by interfacing with hardware and with other software.Practical computer systems divide software into three major classes: system software, programming software and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary, and often blurred.Computer software has to be "loaded" into the computer's storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM).

Once the software is loaded, the computer is able to execute the software.

Computers operate by executing the computer program.This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine code.Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation -- moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering the control flow of instructions.

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Gmail is a free, advertising-supported email service provided by Google. Users may access Gmail as secure web mail, as well as via POP3 or IMAP4 protocols. Gmail initially started as an invitation-only beta release on April 1, 2004 and it became available to the general public on February 7, 2007, though still in beta status at that time. The service was upgraded from beta status on July 7, 2009, along with the rest of the Google Apps suite.With an initial storage capacity offer of 1 GB per user, Gmail significantly increased the web mail standard for free storage from the 2 to 4 MB its competitors such as Hotmail offered at that time. Individual Gmail messages, including attachments, may be up-to 25 MB. Gmail has a search-oriented interface and a "conversation view" similar to an Internet forum. Gmail is noted by web developers for its pioneering use of Ajax. Mail runs on Google GFE/2.0 on Linux. As of June 2012, it was the most widely used web-based email provider with over 425 million active users worldwide.

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Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word is a word processor developed by Microsoft. It was first released in 1983 under the name Multi-Tool Word for Xenix systems. Subsequent versions were later written for several other platforms including IBM PCs running DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh running Mac OS (1985), AT&T Unix PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989) and SCO Unix (1994). Commercial versions of Word are licensed as a standalone product or as a component of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite. Microsoft Word Viewer and Office Online are Freeware editions of Word with limited features.

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How to play card game in computer?

 A card game on your computer you can always just play the prepared downloaded games that typically come with all computers just go to start and click games or go to start open all your folders and find the folder labeled "games" and click on 1 of the card games like solitair and stuff.. otherwise you can always play card games online.online card games can be played at many sites I believe yahoo has card games, and also a site called "Kongregate" has many games, alot of which are card games.

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What types of UPS are available?

 There are three major types of UPS available in the market, each with their own advantages and cost.

Off-Line Units: Off-line units switch from the regular power source to an internal battery when there is a power drop. There is a brief delay between the time the power drops and the time the battery starts supplying power. However this downtime should be brief enough to avoid causing the computer to shut down. On-Line units are normally the cheapest UPS products available.

Line-Interactive Units: Line-interactive units add a transformer to minimise the need for an internal battery to be used with every power fluctuation. These units monitor the line voltage at all times and active the power transformer when the voltage falls below certain parameters. The battery is only ever activate when lower voltages are recorded. There is a brief delay between the time the power drops and the time the battery starts supplying power. However just like the Off-line units this downtime should be brief enough to avoid causing the computer to shut down.

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How do UPS devices work?

UPS systems work by detecting decreases in the amount of electricity coming from the wall circuit and then boosting power to maintain a constant flow of electricity to the connected equipment. This power boost is achieved either from an internal transformer than enhances the electricity supply or from an internal battery that substitutes for the normal power source in the event of power failure.

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What is the point in a UPS?

It is important to protect sensitive electronic equipment such as computers from fluctuations and cuts in the power as unexpected loss of power can cause permanent damage to components and data loss. A UPS will act as a surge protector, battery backup and generally “smooth” out the power your computer receives and ensure maximum stability. UPS devices are normally found attached to expensive mission critical workstations (such as graphical workstations or CAD machines) or servers where any downtime is unacceptable.

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Printer Computing

The world's first computer printer was a 19th-century mechanically driven apparatus invented by Charles Babbage for his difference engine.This system used a series of metal rods with characters printed on them and stuck a roll of paper against the rods to print the characters. The first commercial printers generally used mechanisms from electric typewriters and Teletype machines, which operated in a similar fashion. The demand for higher speed led to the development of new systems specifically for computer use. Among the systems widely used through the 1980 were daisy wheel systems similar to typewriters, line printers that produced similar output but at much higher speed, and dot matrix systems that could mix text and graphics but produced relatively low-quality output. The plotter was used for those requiring high quality line art like blueprints.The introduction of the low-cost laser printer in 1984 with the first HP Laser Jet, and the addition of PostScript in next year's Apple Laser Writer, set off a revolution in printing known as desktop publishing. Laser printers using PostScript mixed text and graphics, like dot-matrix printers, but at quality levels formerly available only from commercial typesetting systems. By 1990, most simple printing tasks like fliers and brochures were now created on personal computers and then laser printed; expensive offset printing systems were being dumped as scrap. The HP Desk jet of 1988 offered the same advantages as laser printer in terms of flexibility, but produced somewhat lower quality output (depending on the paper) from much less expensive mechanisms.

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Computer Network

What is a Computer Network? 

A computer network is a set of computers connected together for the purpose of sharing resources. The most common resource shared today is connection to the Internet. Other shared resources can include a printer or a file server. The Internet itself can be considered as a computer network.

Computer Network Defined a computer network is a set of connected computers. Computers on a network are called nodes. The connection between computers can be done via cabling, most commonly the Ethernet cable, or wireless through radio waves. Connected computers can share resources, like access to the Internet, printers, file servers, and others. 

Types of Network Connections

Computer networks can be broken down historically into  is a technique of connecting computers. The most common topology today is a collapsed ring. This is due to the success of a network protocol called the Ethernet. This protocol, or a network language, supports the Internet, Local Area Networks, and Wide Area Networks.

Star Topology

A star topology is a design of a network where a central node extends a cable to each computer on the network. On a star network, computers are connected independently to the center of the network. If a cable is broken, the other computers can operate without problems. A star topology requires a lot of cabling.

Bus Topology

A bus topology is another type of design where a single cable connects all computers and the information intended for the last node on the network must run through each connected computer. If a cable is broken, all computers connected down the line cannot reach the network. The benefit of a bus topology is a minimal use of cabling.

Collapsed Ring Topology

A similar topology is called a ring. In this design, computers are connected via a single cable, but the end nodes also are connected to each other. In this design, the signal circulates through the network until it finds the intended recipient. If a network node is not configured properly, or it is down temporarily for another reason, the signal will make a number of attempts to find its destination.

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About mouse

Mouse is a national youth development nonprofit that believes in technology as a force for good. We empower all students to create with technology to solve real problems and make meaningful change in our world.Mouse opens opportunities for youth from under served communities and helps all students realize their full potential and the potential of technology to make a positive impact in their schools and communities.We are committed to increasing diversity in STEM and believe it is critical to support a diverse pool of talent to fuel the nation's future.

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Computer keyboard

A computer keyboard is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as a mechanical lever or electronic switch. Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via teleprinter style keyboards became the main input device for computers.

A keyboard typically has characters engraved or printed on the keys and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, to produce some symbols requires pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. While most keyboard keys produce letters, numbers or signs characters, other keys or simultaneous key presses can produce actions or execute computer commands.

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